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The picture cronology of Jesuit World History
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| 1491
The birth of Ignatius de Loyola in Castle of Loyola
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1506 04/07
The birth of Francis Xavier in Castle of Xavier
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1506 04/14
The birth of Petrus Faber in Villaret
 
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1521 05/08
The birth of Peter Canisius in Nijmegen, who decided on his birthday 23 years later that he would enter the Society of Jesus.
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1521 05/20
Ignatius was seriously wounded at Pamplona, Spain, while defending its fortress against the French.
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1521 06/24
Ignatius received the last sacraments in the castle of Loyola because he was close to death from the wounds he suffered at Pamplona.
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1521 06/28
Ignatius miraculously began to recover from his wounds on the eve of the feast of St. Peter.
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1522 03/24
At Montserrat on the Vigil of the Annunciation, Ignatius spent the night in prayerful vigil. He had arrived dressed in expensive clothes in the fashion and style of soldiers, but gave those garments to a poor man and donned a simple pilgrim's robe. 
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1523 03/29
Ignatius' first visit to Rome on his way from Manresa to Palestine.
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1523 07/14
Ignatius departed from Venice on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
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1523 09/04
After several months of sailing and a week of waiting in the harbor at Joppa to disembark, Ignatius finally entered the city of Jerusalem as a pilgrim. 
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1526 11/19
St. Ignatius was examined by the Inquisition in Alcala, Spain. They were concerned with the novelty of his way of life and his teaching.
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1527 04/18
Ignatius was imprisoned for the first time, in Alcala, Spain, where he was studying and conversing with people on spiritual topics.
1527 06/01
Ignatius was thrown into prison after having been accused of having advised two noblewomen to undertake a pilgrimage, on foot, to Compostella.
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1528 02/07
Ignatius arrived in Paris to begin his studies anew after his frustration at Alcalá and Salamanca.
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1533 03/13
At Paris, in the College of Ste. Barbe, Ignatius completed his course of philosophy.
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1534 08/15
Ignatius and six companions" Petrus Faber, Francis Xavier, Diego Laynez, Simón Rodriguez, Alonso Salmerón. Nicolás Bobadilla" took their first vows at a Mass celebrated by Faber at Montmartre in Paris. 
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1534 09/19
During this period St. Ignatius gave the Spiritual Exercises to St. Francis Xavier when both were students at the University of Paris.
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1535 03/14
At Paris Ignatius received the Master of Arts degree with the right to be called "Master Ignatius" as he was thenceforth regularly addressed inside and outside the Society.
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1535 07/22
In Paris the first Mass of Blessed Petrus Faber.
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1536 10/14
In Paris St. Ignatius received his diploma, at age 44, as Master of Arts and Sacred Theology.
1537 05/07
St. Francis Borgia was converted from the vanities of the world by the sight of Empress Isabell's corpse.
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1537 06/10
Ignatius and his companions received minor orders at the house of Bishop Vincenzo Negusanti in Venice, Italy.
1537 06/24
Ignatius, Francis Xavier and five of the companions were ordained priests in Venice, Italy.
1537 10/13
At Venice the Papal Nuncio published his written verdict declaring that St. Ignatius was innocent of all charges which had been leveled against him by his detractors.
1538 11/18
Pope Paul III caused the Governor of Rome to publish the verdict proclaiming the complete innocence of St. Ignatius and his companions of all heresy.
1539 09/03
At his summer residence in Tivoli, outside of Rome, Paul III gave his initial, oral approval of the Society of Jesus when St. Ignatius sent him the "Five Chapters" which described the proposed new religious order.
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1540 01/25
The birth of Edmund Campion in London
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1540 06/30
Francis Xavier arrived at Lisbon on his way to India.
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1540 09/27
At the Palazzo San Marco in Rome, Pope Paul III signed the Bull "Regimini militantis ecclesiae" establishing the Society of Jesus as a religious order. |
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1541 04/19
On the advice of his confessor, Fra Teodosio da Lodi, a Franciscan, Ignatius accepted the second election which had selected him to be the first superior general of the Society of Jesus.
1541 07/08
Pope Paul III assigned the church of Our Lady of the Way to the Society of Jesus. It was a small church but St. Ignatius highly esteemed its location in the heart of Rome
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1541 08/29
At Rome the death of Jean Codure, a Savoyard, one of the first 10 companions of St. Ignatius.
1542 05/06
Francis Xavier reached Goa, India, after more than a year's journey.
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1544 09/01
At Rome, St. Ignatius and his companions took possession of the house of St. Maria della Strada, the first professed house of the Society.
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1544 12/16
St. Francis Xavier entered Cochin.
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1545 11/23
Jeronimo de Nadal, whom St. Ignatius had known as a student at Paris, entered the Society. Later Nadal was instrumental in getting Ignatius to narrate his autobiography.  |
1545 12/13
The opening of the Council of Trent to which Jesuits Diego Laynez and Alonso Salmerón were sent as papal theologians and Claude LeJay as theologian of Cardinal Otho Truchses.
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1545 12/25
Isabel Roser pronounced her vows as Jesuit together with Lucrezia di Brandine and Francisca Cruyllas in the presence of Ignatius at the church of St. Maria della Strada in Rome.
1546 02/05
At Rome, the death of Petrus Faber, one of the first companions.
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1546 05/19
Pope Paul III sent Diego Laynez and Alfonso Salmeron as his theologians to the Council of Trent.
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1546 06/05
Paul III, in his Brief Exponi Nobis, empowered the Society to admit coadjutors, both spiritual and temporal.
1546 10/01
Isabel Roser was released by St. Ignatius from her Jesuit vows after eight months.
1546 10/26
The province of Portugal was established as the first province in the Society, with Simón Rodrigues as the first provincial.
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1547 05/20
Pope Paul III acceded to the request that the Society of Jesus not have women as members nor have a parallel women's order.
1548 01/05
The birth of Francisco Suarez at Granada, one of the greatest theologians of the church.
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1548 03/18
The arrival of the first Jesuits missioned to Africa by Simon Rodrigues, provincial of Portugal, at the request of the King of Kongo supported by the King of Portugal. They landed at Pinda on March 18, 1548, and made their way two days later to Mbanza Kongo, the capital of the kingdom of Kongo. They were three priests -Jorge Vaz, Cristovao Ribeiro, Jacome Dias- and a scholastic, Diogo do Soveral.
1548 03/31
Antonio Corduba, rector of the College of Salamanca, begged Ignatius to admit him into the Society so as to escape the cardinalate which Charles V intended to procure for him.
1548 04/08
Peter Canisius was sent to Messina to teach rhetoric.
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1548 07/31
At the behest of Francis Borgia, Pope Paul III issued the Brief, "Pastoralis officii" approving the book of the Spiritual Exercises.
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1548 10/08
St. Ignatius returned to Rome from Tivoli where he had spent several days diplomatically resolving a conflict between that city and Castel Madama.
1548 12/10
The General of the Dominicans wrote in defense of the Society of Jesus on seeing it attacked in Spain by Melchior Cano and others.
1549 11/10
At Rome the death of Paul III, to whom the Society owes its first constitution as a religious order.
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| 1549 12/23
Francis Xavier was appointed provincial of the newly-erected Indian Province.
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1550 07/21
Through his Bull, "Exposcit debitum" Pope Julius III again confirmed the Insitute of the Society.
1551 01/15
Francis Borgia wrote to the Emperor Charles V announcing his intention to enter the Society of Jesus and asking leave to resign his dukedom in favor of his eldest son, the Marquis de Lombay.
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1551 02/18
The opening in the Piazza Ara Coeli of the first school of the Society of Jesus in Rome, which soon developed into the Roman College, later to be called the Gregorian University.
1551 12/31
Francis Xavier left Sancian for Malacca and Goa to prepare for his journey to China.
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1552 01/13
At Rome, teachers jealous of the success of the first school opened by Jesuits, invaded the premises and abused the Jesuits teaching there.
1552 10/22
Confirmation by Pope Julius III of the "Privileges" of the Society.
1552 12/02
On the island of Sancian off the coast of China, Francis Xavier died.
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1553 02/17
Seventy-seven days after Francis Xavier's death, his tomb was opened and his body found perfectly incorrupt.
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| 1553 03/26
Ignatius sent his letter on obedience was sent to the Jesuits of Portugal.
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1553 06/09
Manuel da Nobrega was named provincial of the Jesuits in Brazil. He was involved in the foundations of the cities of Salvador, Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.
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1553 07/09
St. Ignatius created the Province of Brazil and named Fr. Manuel de Nóbrega as first superior of its 30 Jesuits.
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1555 11/13
St. Ignatius made Francis Borgia Commissioner General of all the provinces in the Iberian Peninsula and of the Indies subject to Spain and Portugal.
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1556 06/07
Peter Canisius became the first provincial of the newly constituted Province of Upper Germany.
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1556 07/11
Ignatius, gravely ill, handed over the daily governance of the Society to Juan de Polanco and Cristóbal de Madrid.
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1556 07/30
As he lay near to death, Ignatius asked Juan de Polanco to go and obtain for him the pope's blessings and indulgence.
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1556 08/09
After the death of St. Ignatius, Diego Laynez was empowered to govern the Society as vicar until the election of another superior general.
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1556 08/30
On the banks of the St. Lawrence River, Leonard Garreau, a young Jesusit missionary, was mortally wounded by the Iroquois.
1557 06/13
The death of King John III of Portugal, at whose request Xavier and others were sent to India.
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Francisco de Toledo entered the Society; he was later the first Jesuit to become a Cardinal.
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1558 06/19
The opening of the First General Congregation, nearly two years after the death of Ignatius. It was summoned by Father Laynez, the vicar general.
1558 07/02
The election of Diego Laynez as superior general in the First General Congregation. He had been vicar general since the death of Ignatius in 1556. |
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1558 08/11
In the First General Congregation, after a discussion on the simple vows, it was declared that "nothing should be changed."
1558 09/10
The First General Congregation concluded after it had elected Diego Laínez to succeed St. Ignatius as superior general.
1558 09/29
Jesuits began to keep choir in obedience to an order from Paul IV, later rescinded by his successor.
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1559 06/03
A villa at Frascati, outside Rome, was purchased for the fathers and brothers of the Roman College.
1560 07/15
The martyrdom of Ignacio Azevedo along with 39 companions near Palma, one of the Canary Isles. En route to Brazil as missionaries, they were captured by Calvinist corsairs.
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1563 03/25
The first Sodality of Our Lady, Prima Primaria, was begun in the Roman College by a young Belgian Jesuit named Jean Leunis (Leonius).
1563 12/03
At the Council of Trent, the Institute of the Society was approved.
1564 02/22
At Paris, against much opposition a Jesuit school was opened. As Collège Louis-le-Grand, it became one of the greatest schools in the history of the Society.
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1564 06/05
The death in Lima of Francisco Lopez, who had resigned the high office of Visitor General of the Kingdom of Peru to become a brother in the Society.
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1564 12/30
Letter from Pope Pius IV to Daniel, Archbishop of Mayence, deploring the malicious and scurrilous pamphlets published against the Society throughout Germany and desiring him to use his influence against the evil.
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1565 01/19
The death at Rome of Father General Diego Lainez, the second superior general of the Society and the pope's theologian at the Council of Trent.
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1565 06/21
The Second General Congregation convened, representing 3,500 members in 18 provinces. The congregation elected Francis Borgia superior general and approved 120 decrees before its closure on September 3.
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1565 09/20
Under the leadership of Father General Francis Borgia, Sant'Andrea in Quirinale in Rome opened as the first novitiate separate from a colleges or professed house.
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1566 01/07
Cardinal Ghislieri was elected pope as Pius V. He was a great friend of Francis Borgia and appointed Salmeron and Toletus as apostolic preachers at the Vatican. He imposed the office of choir on the Society.
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1566 09/28
The death of Pedro Martinez, the first Jesuit to enter the continental today's United States. He was killed by natives on the island of Tatacuran, Florida.
1567 10/25
Stanislaus Kostka arrived in Rome and was admitted into the Society by Francis Borgia.
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1568 03/09
Aloysius Gonzaga was born at Castiglione, Italy, in his father's castle.
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1568 04/02
At Rome, the entrance of Blessed Rodolf Acquaviva, aged 17, into the novitiate of San Andrea, where St. Stanislaus was then a novice.
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1568 04/29
St. Pius V, by his Brief "Innumerabiles fructus," confirms the Constitutions of Paul II and Julius III regarding the government of colleges, the appointment of rectors by the General, etc.
1568 07/28
In a letter to Christopher Rodriguez, St. Teresa of Avila, speaking of the Society, wrote, "The men of the Society of Jesus are my Fathers, to whom after God my soul owes everything good that it might have."
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1571 02/25
Francis Borgia is sent by Pius V with Cardinal Alessandrino into Spain and France to try to induce the sovereigns to form a league against the Turks.
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1571 03/20
Francis Borgia, seeing little or no fruit from the labors of the Jesuits in Florida, ordered them to withdraw from those missions.
1572 05/13
Gregory XIII was elected pope; to him the Society owes the foundation of the Roman and German Colleges.
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1572 05/17
Pope Gregory XIII exempted the Society from choir and approved simple vows after two years of novitiate and ordination before solemn profession. In these matters he reversed a decree of St. Pius V.
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1572 07/13
The first band of Jesuit missionaries entered Mexico.
1572 09/28
A group of 14 Jesuits sent by Father General Francis Borgia under the leadership of Father Pedro Sánchez arrived in Mexico City, Mexico to establish the Society's presence.
1572 09/30
The death of Francis Borgia, the Duke of Gandia and viceroy of Catalonia before becoming a Jesuit. He became the third superior general of the Society and oversaw the establishment of many schools and the expansion of missionary work
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1573 04/12
At Rome, the opening of the third general congregation during which Everard Mercurian was elected superior general.
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1573 06/16
The Third General Congregation elected Everard Mercurian, a Belgian, as superior general; Pope Grevory XIII had expressed a wish that the general should not be a Spaniard
1573 08/06
Pope Gregory XIII published his Bull "Postquam Deo placuit," which founded the German College.
1573 09/07
The death of Princess Juana d'Habsburg, Regent of Spain, the emperor's daughter. She died as a Jesuit scholastic, having taken vows secretly under a special dispensation.
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1576 07/16
Pope Gregory XIII, by his Constitution "Quaecumque sacrarum religionum", exempetd members of the Society from attendance at public processions.
1577 12/21
At Rome, Juan de Polanco died, secretary to the Society and a dear friend of St. Ignatius.
1578 03/24
At Lisbon Rodolf Acquaviva and 13 companions embarked for India. Among the companions were Matteo Ricci and Michaelo Ruggieri.
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1578 10/17
Robert Bellarmine entered the Jesuit novitiate of Sant' Andrea in Rome at the age of 16.
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1579 07/14
At Lisbon, the death of Simón Rodrigues, one of the first companions.
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1579 07/25
The arrival in Japan of Alessandro Valignano, who came to visit the 59 Jesuit missionaries working there in uncertain circumstances due to the constant changes in power between those who favored and those who opposed the work of the Society. 
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1579 11/17
Blessed Rodolfo Acquaviva and two other Jesuits set out from Goa for Surat and Fattiphur, the Court of Akbar, the Great Mogul.
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1580 07/03
Queen Elizabeth I issued a statute forbidding Jesuits all entrance into England.
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1581 01/10
Queen Elizabeth signed the fifth Penal Statute in England inflicting heavy fines and imprisonment on all who harbored Jesuits and Seminary priests.
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1581 04/22
At the close of the fourth general congregation, Pope Gregory XIII received the new general, Claudio Acquaviva, and promised to provide a foundation fund for the Roman College.
1581 07/19
The birth of Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit brother and a skilled Italian painter who at age 27 set sail for China where he undertook the role of the official painter to this distant court with the positive conviction that art was above all a means of carrying out his evangelical mission.
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1581 12/01
At Tyburn in London,Edmund Campion and Alexander Briant were martyred.
1582 02/20
Three Japanese princes sailed from Japan for Rome to pay homage to Pope Gregory XIII. Father Valignani, who arranged the embassy, accompanied them as far as Goa.
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1582 10/05
The Gregorian Calendar went into effect. Christopher Clavius SJ helped create this modification that suppressed the days between October 5 and 15 in order to bring the calendar into line with astronomical facts. Countries which did not like the pope liked his calendar even less, so it was not until the 20th century that all countries adopted it as their civil calendar.
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1583 07/25
The martyrdom near Goa, India, of Rodolfo Aquaviva, Pater Berno, Francio Aranha, Alfonso Pacheco and Anthony Francisco.
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1584 11/25
The Church of the Gesu, built in Rome for the Society by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, was solemnly consecrated.
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1584 12/05
By his bull Omnipotentis Dei, Pope Gregory XIII gave the title of Primaria to Our Lady's Sodality established in the Roman College in 1564, and empowered it to aggregate other similar sodalities.
1585 02/13
At Naples, the death of Alfonso Salmeron, one of the first companions.  |
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1586 04/20
The first Ratio Studiorum was issued under Father General Claudio Aquaviva.
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1589 03/02
At Rome, the death of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, grandson of Pope Paul III, great benefactor of the Society, and founder/builder of the Gesù.
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1590 09/23
The death of Nicolás Bobadilla, the last survivor of the original companions who founded the Society of Jesus.
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1593 12/19
At Rome Roberto Bellarmine was appointed rector of the Roman College
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The death at Cracow of Jakub Wujek, Polish Jesuit appointed by King István Báthory tutor to Prince Zsigmond Báthoty, Wujek translated the Bible into Polish.
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1598 01/01
The death of Alfonso Barréna, surnamed the Apostle of Peru; he was the first to carry the faith to the Guaranis and Chiquitos in Paraguay.
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| 1600 02/06
At Nanking, Matteo Ricci, after being expelled from this city, returned and opened a seminary.
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1600 05/28
Matteo Ricci, undismayed by the failure of his first visit to Peking, set out again from Nanking with many rich presents for the Emperor, of which he was robbed on the way.
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The birth of Balthasar Gracian, a Spanish Jesuit who wrote on courtly matters. He is the author of "The Compleat Gentleman" and "The Art of Worldly Wisdom."
 
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1603 03/06
Father General Acquaviva wrote a letter to all Jesuits saying that he and Robert Bellarmine had left nothing undone to prevent the latter's promotion to the cardinalate.
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Gregorio de Valentia, A Spanish Jesuit, died at Naples. A renowned theologian, Pope Clement VIII honored him with the title "Doctor of Doctors."
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1606 01/20
The death at Macao of Alessandro Valignano, superior of all the Jesuit missions in the Far East for 33 years and architect of the missionary policies there.
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The martyrdom in London, England, of Thomas Garnet.
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1609 07/27
Paul IV beatified Ignatius.de Loyola
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The death in Peking (Beijing) of Mateo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit mathematician and founder of the modern missions in China, the first to introduce the Christian faith there.
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1611 02/26
At Ferrara the death of Antnio Possevino, an Italian employed by Gregory XIII for embassies to Sweden, Russia, Poland and Germany. He founded colleges and seminaries in Cracow, Olmütz, Prague, Braunsberg and Vilna. He also wrote 24 books.
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The first Jesuits arrived in Canada, sent by Father General Claudio Aquaviva, at the request of King Henry IV of France.
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1611 09/22
The death of Peter Ribadeneira, aged 85, who had been admitted by St. Ignatius into the Society at the age of fourteen. He became an eloquent preacher, a great missioner, and a gifted writer.
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The vessel which was bringing the right arm of Xavier to Rome miraculously escaped capture by Dutch pirates.
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1615 01/31
The death of Father General Claudio Aquaviva, the fifth superior general of the Society, who governed for 34 years, the longest term of office of any Jesuit general. 
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The Holy See gave permission to the Jesuits of China to celebrate Mass with heads covered, to translate the Bible into Chinese and to administer the sacraments in that same language.
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1617 09/25
The death in Lisbon of Father Francisco Suárez, one of the foremostphilosophers and theologians of the Society of Jesus.
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The death in Mallorca, of Alfonso Rodríguez, a Jesuit brother famous for faithful service as porter of the college
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1619 09/07
The martyrdom in Kassa (now Kosice in Slovakia) of martyrs of Kassa: Marek Krizin, Melicher Godecky and István Pongrácz
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1622 03/12
At Rome, the canonization of Ignatius de Loyola and Francis Xavier by Pope Gregory XV.
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In Quito, the college seminary of St. Louis, the Jesuits founded the University of Gregory the Great.
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1626 05/07
The death of John Baptist de Baeza, who is said to have baptized over 75,000 adults in Goa, Macao, Mozambique and Japan within three years.
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The martyrdom in Uruguay of St. Roch González, one of the main architects of the Jesuit missions on the River Plate in Paraguay, and St. Alfonso Rodríguez.
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1629 11/28
The martyrdom in Nagasaki, Japan, of Blessed Leonardo Kimura, who was burned to death.
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At Naples, during an earthquake and eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the Jesuits worked to help all classes of people.
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1632 04/11
At Lima, Peru, Ruiz de Montaya died. A Portuguese, he was called the Apostle of Paraguay because of the thousands of people he converted.
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1634 03/25
Arrival in Maryland of Andrew White and companions, founder of the mission.
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Péter Pázmány foundad university in Nagyszombat (now Trnava in Slovakia)
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1637 12/26
Cardinal Richelieu, the French Prime Minister, banished the Jesuit Nicolás Caussin, confessor of Louis XIII, who had incurred the wrath of the omnipotent minister for giving the king scruples about the cruel treatment and isolation of the queen mother, his treatment of his wife, and excessive taxation.
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1640 01/22
The death in Lima, Perú of Juan Almeida, a Brasilian Jesuit with the gift of prophecy who was an apostle to the native people.
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The birth at Trento of Brother Andrea Pozzo, who was called to Rome in 1681 to paint the flat ceiling of the church of San Ignazio so that it would look as though there were a dome above. There had been a plan for a dome but there was not money to build it.
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1645 02/01
The death of Henry Morse, known as the "Priest of the Plague" because of his care for the plague-stricken. He was martyred at Tyburn, England, by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
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The martyrdom in Canada of St. Athony Daniel, who was shot with arrows and cast into flames by the Iroquois.
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1649 06/08
The death of Vincenzo Caraffa, seventh superior general of the Society.
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The martyrdom in Etarita, Canada, of St. Charles Garnier, missionary to the Petun Indians, among whom he died during an Iroquois attack.
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1650 07/18
The death of Cristopher Scheiner, a physicist, astronomer and geometer who discovered sun spots independently of Galileo and created one of the first terrestrial telescopes.
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Goswin Nickel is elected superior general in succession to Father General Gottifredi, who had died six weeks after his election.
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1656 01/23
Pascal published his first Provincial Letter against the Society of Jesus. Other letters followed at intervals. Though condemned at Rome and publicly burnt by the French King's order, they were influential in portraying Jesuits very unfavorably.
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The martyrdom at Janów, Poland, of Andrzej Bobola, killed by Cossacks for his defense of faith.
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1660 11/05
The death of Alexander de Rhodes, one of the most effective Jesuit missionaries of all time. A native of France, he arrived in what is now Vietnam in 1625.
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The death of Daniel Seghers, an artist famous for his paintings of insects and flowers.
//Seghers festménye jpg.// |
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1666 08/25
At Beijing, the death of Johannes Adam Schall whose profound knowledge of mathematics and astronomy won him such fame that the Emperor entrusted to him the reform of the Chinese calendar.
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1670 06/14
The death of Francis Annat, confessor of Louis XIV for 16 years. He introduced quinine, then known as "Jesuit's bark" in France and was instrumental in saving Louis XIV's life.
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Father General Francis Borgia established the Province of Mexico.
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1675 05/18
The death in Canada, at age 37, of James Marquette, Jesuit missionary who gained lasting reknown for exploring the Mississippi River.
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The martyrdom in London of William Ireland, procurator for the English Jesuits. He was falsely accused of plotting to kill the king.
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1680 11/27
In Rome the death of Athanasius Kircher, considered a universal genius, but especially knowledgeable in science and archeology.
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At Rome the death of Charles de Noyelle, a Belgian, 12th superior general of the Society.
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1687 07/06
Father General Tirso González was elected Superior General of the Society of Jesus at 66 years of age; he governed for 18 years.
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The death of Ferdinand Verbiest, the successor to Adam Schall as mathematical professor at the imperial court in Peking and superior of the Society in China.
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1688 10/11
King Louis XIV forbade all correspondence and interchange between the French Jesuits and Father General Thyrsus Gonzalez.
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The martyrdom in India of Joao de Brito, born into the Portuguese aristocracy and a member of the royal court, who devised a method of working with various castes in India.
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1699 10/07
The remains of Ignatius reached their sixth and final resting place in the altar-shrine in the church of the Gesù in Rome.
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The death of Paul Hoste, mathematician and expert historian on construction of ships and naval warfare.
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1705 01/21
The death of Claude Francois Menestrier, the writer of a classic history of ballet and the creator of a ballet for Louis XIV.
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The Fifteenth General Congregation opened; on Jan. 31 it elected Michael Angelo Tamburini superior general.
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1711 03/15
The death of Eusebio Francisco Kino, missionary in Lower California and Arizona, noted for his far-ranging exploration and accurate mapmaking.
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Pope Clement XI condemned the "Chinese Rites"; this action proved disastrous to the Chinese mission.
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1722 09/05
King Philip V authorized the Society to found a college in the city of Santafé de Antioquia (Colombia); it was the first college founded in that province.
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1723 10/11
The deaths in Vietnam of Servants of God Giovanni Baptiste Messari and Francesco Maria Bucherelli, martyrs.
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The canonization of St. John Francis Regis by Pope Clement XII.
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1741 12/09
At Paris, Charles Poree died. He was a famous master of rhetoric. Nineteen of his pupils were admitted into the French Academy, including Voltaire, who, in spite of his impiety, always felt an affectionate regard for his old Jesuit master.   |
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Pope Benedict XIV forbade the Chinese and Malabar Rites; persecution broke out at once in China.
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1742 07/11
Pope Benedict XIV ended the controversy between Jesuits and other religious orders over the Chinese and Malabar Rites by forbidding the Jesuits to continue the liturgical practices they had long used in China.
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Benedict XIV annulled the Constitution of Pope Innocent X which required a general congregation of the Society every nine years.
1747 09/17
The death of Juan Prímoli, a Jesuit brother who had exceptional talents as an architect and built the cathedral of Córdoba and various churches in Buenos Aires.
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1751 07/04
General Congregation XVII elected 69-year-old Ignacio Visconti to be superior general. An affable man known as the "angel of peace," he governed four years.
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The 19th General Congregation opened, the last of the Old Society. It elected Lorenzo Ricci as superior general.
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1758 05/21
General Congregation XIX elected Lorenzo Ricci, 58 year-old Florentine Jesuit, as superior general in a time of great uncertainty, with the papal throne vacant after the death of Benedict XIV.
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At Lisbon, 133 fathers and brothers of the Society were put on board a vessel to be conveyed as exiles to Civita Vecchia.
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1759 10/24
One hundred thirty-three Jesuits, banished from Portugal and put ashore at Civita Vecchia, were most kindly received by Clement XIII and by the religious communities, especially the Dominicans.
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At Livorno, the harbor officials refused to let the ship, S. Bonaventura with 120 exiled Portugese Jesuits on board, cast anchor. Carvalho sent orders to the Governor of Rio de Janeiro to make a diligent search for the supposed wealth of the Jesuits.
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1759 11/28
Twenty Fathers and 192 Scholastics set sail from the Tagus for exile. Two were to die on the voyage to Genoa and Civita Vecchia.
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Empress Maria Teresa of Austria decreed that the chairs of theology in all the universities within her domain should be held by Dominicans or Augustinians to avoid the "corrupt doctrine taught by the Jesuits."
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1762 08/05
The Parliament at Paris condemned the Society's Institute as opposed to natural law, confiscated all Jesuit property and forbade the Jesuit habit and community life.
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In a pastoral letter read in all his churches, the Archbishop of Paris expressed his bitter regret at the suppression of the society in France. He described it as a veritable calamity for his country.
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1764 03/09
In France the government ordered all Jesuits to abjure the Institute or face exile. Only 15 out of approximately 4,000 members took the oath.
1767 03/11
At Madrid Fathers Thomas de Lorrain and Bernard Recio, leaving for the Provincial Congregation in Rome, received a sealed parcel said to come from the nuncio. They were requested to take it to someone in Rome. It contained a letter forged by de Choiseul and de Aranda, the prime ministers of France and Spain, and purporting to come from Fther General Ricci alleging Charles II to be illegitimate. Both priests were arrested on their journey and brought back prisoners to Madrid. The forged document was shown to the king, whose previous affection for the Society turned into most bitter hatred.
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José Pignatelli was expelled from Spain along with all other Jesuits there. He began his career of holding together the suppressed Society at age 30, and once again saw the Society permitted to accept novices when he was 57 years old, but he did not live to see its restoration in 1814.
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1767 07/10
All the Jesuits in Paraguay were arrested by order of Charles III of Spain and led into exile. There were 385 priests, 109 brothers, 59 scholastics and 11 novices.
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Under the order of Charles III, the 465 Jesuits working in Perú had to abandon their apostolic efforts.
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1768 01/14
The Society of Jesus was banished from the Duchy of Parma, the result of pressure exercised on the Grand Duke by Choiseul of France.
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On the feast of St. Charles, patron of Charles III, King of Spain, the people of Madrid asked for the recall of the Jesuits who had been banished from Spain 19 months earlier. Irritated by this demand, the King drove the Archbishop of Toledo and his Vicar General into exile as instigators of the movement.
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1769 05/19
The election of Cardinal Lorenzo Ganganelli as Pope Clement XIV. He was the pope who suppressed the Society.
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In Spain, Charles III ordered all of the Society's goods to be sold, and sent a peremptory demand to the newly-elected Pope Clement XIV to have the Society suppressed.
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1772 03/23
At Rome, Cardinal Marefoschi held a visitation of the Irish College and accused the Jesuits of mismanagement. He then removed them from directing that school.
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A copy of the proposed Brief of Suppression of the Society of Jesus, drawn up by Monino (Florida Blanca), the Spanish Ambassador, and revised by Cardinal Zelada, was sent with Pope Clement XIV's leave, given reluctantly, to Charles III of Spain, to be communicated by him to the Courts of France, Austria, Portugal and Naples.
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The scholastics at Bologna, Italy, pressed immediately before the suppression by Cardinal Malvezzi to take off their religious habit and accept dispensation from their vows, refused to listen to him.
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Pope Clement XIV issued "Dominus ac Redemptor", an Apostolic Brief, suppressing the Society of Jesus.
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1773 08/13
Pope Clement XIV published the Brief "Gravissimis ex causis" which established a special congregation of five cardinals to superintend the Suppression of the Society of Jesus and the appropriation of its houses and goods.
1773 08/16
The suppression of the Society of Jesus came with the publication of Clement XIV's Brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" Father General Lorenzo Ricci was led away as a prisoner to the English College.
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Frederik II of Prussia and Catherine of Russia forbade the publication of the Brief of Suppression in their dominions.
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1773 11/29
The Jesuits of White Russia requested the Empress Catherine to allow the Letter of Suppression to be published, as it had been all over Europe. "She bade them lay aside their scruples, promising to obtain the Papal sanction for their remaining in status quo."
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Cardinal Braschi was elected Pope Pius VI. A former pupil of the Society of Jesus, he desired the release of Father General Ricci and his assistants from prison in Castel San Angelo, but Charles III of Spain insisted on their detention.
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1778 04/15
Empress Catherine the Great requested the Holy See that the Jesuits in White Russia (the only ones in the world, all others having been suppressed) might have a novitiate. She received the answer that the local bishop should do as he thought best.
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Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, visited the recently established novitiate at Polotsk, for which she had given permission and which helped make possible the survival of the Society during the suppression years.
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1782 06/25
The Jesuits in White Russia were permitted by the Empress Catherine to elect a superior general. They chose Father Czerniewicz, who took the title of vicar general, with the powers of the general.
1787 02/12
At Milan the death of Rudiger Boscovich, among the most famous scientists in Jesuit history. His theory of the composition of matter foreshadowed in part modern atomic theory.
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The death of Maximilian Hell at Vienna. He was an astronomer who directed the royal observatory for 36 years.
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1798 07/01
The colossal silver statue of Ignatius in the Gesù in Roma was carried off by French officials
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At Venice, the election of Pope Pius VII (Cardinal Chiaramonti), a Benedictine, who in 1814 restored the Society throughout the world.
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1801 03/07
"Second Confirmation" Day: Pius VII in his brief Catholicae Fidei confirmed Franciszek Kareu as Superior General of the Jesuits in Russia. Thereafter Pius VII wrote to Kereu as "General of the Society of Jesus.
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1814 08/07
Pope Pius VII signed the Bull "Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiasticum", he re-established the Society of Jeses.
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1815 12/20
Alexander I was published a Ukase banishing the Society of Jesus from St. Petersburg and Moscow on the pretext that they were troubling the Russian Church.
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Father General Brzozowski and 25 members of the Society, guarded by soldiers, left St. Petersburg, Russia, having been banished by the civil government.
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1820 03/13
In Russia, an imperial ukase of Czar Alexander I banished all Jesuits from the Empire where the Society had survived from 1773 until the restoration in 1814.
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King Ferdinand VII suppressed the Society of Jesus in Spain
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1820 10/09
The 20th General Congregation of the Society opened. The first to be held by the restored Society, it elected Luigi Fortis as superior General.
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Pope Leo XIII returned the Roman College to the Society.
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1829 06/30
The opening of the Twenty-First General Congregation, which elected Johann Roothan as superior general.
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The French novitiate at Montrouge near Paris was sacked by revolutionaries convinced that the novices there were practicing "small arms drills" in preparation for the Society's conquering France.
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1833 02/01
Father General Johann Roothaan wrote the Ordinatio de Mineverali that granted Jesuit schools permission to charge tuition in line with other reputable day schools in the country. Poor students, however, were not to be turned away.
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1834 05/24
Don Pedro IV expelled the Society from Brazil
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1840 03/27
Peter de Smet set out from St. Louis on his first trip to the Rocky Mountains at the invitation of a delegation from the Salishan people in what is now Montana. This exploratory trip resulted in starting a mission to the Indians a year later.
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The Belgian missionary Fr. Jean Pierre De Smet dedicated the mission that he and five companions were en route to establish in the U.S.A.'s Rocky Mountains to "St. Ignatius, Patron of the Mountains"
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1841 08/17
The death of S.G. Charles Odescalchi (1786-1841), a cardinal of the Church who waited 20 years to become a Jesuit. He was one of the first to apply to enter the Society after it was restored in 1814, but family pressure and papal resistance kept him from doing so. In 1823 he was named a cardinal and consecrated archbishop of Ferrara, and later was appointed the vicar of Pope Gregory XVI for the diocese of Rome. Finally Odescalchi's ill health led the pope to permit him to enter the novitiate, which he did in 1838. After he pronounced his vows, he served as spiritual father to young Jesuits at the seminary in Modena.
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Seventeen Jesuits arrived in Bogotá, Colombia, to reestablish the Society 80 years after Jesuits were banished.
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1845 06/12
Pope Gregory XVI refused the demand of the French government that the French Jesuits should be secularized and their houses closed.
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At Naples a mob threatened to massacre the Jesuits unless they left the city at once.
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1848 05/10
The Austrian-Hungarian government decreed the suppression of the Society of Jesus in all its empire.
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In Rome at the Basillica of St. Peter, Pope Piux IX beatified Peter Claver, "The apostle of the slaves."
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1861 07/26
The dictator and persecutor of the Church, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, published a decree expelling Jesuits from Nueva Granada (Colombia); 52 Jesuits abandonned their homeland for the third time, going into exile in Guatemala.
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In St. Peter's, Rome, the beatification of Peter Canisius by Pope Pius IX.
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1867 07/07
The beatification of the 205 Japanese Martyrs, 33 of them members of the Society of Jesus.
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The Roman College, appropriated by the Piedmontese government, was reopened as a lyceum. The monogram of the Society over the main entrance was removed.
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1872 08/22
Jesuits were expelled from Germany during Bismarck's Kulturkampf.
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1873 04/04
In Mexico a law to expel the Society was proposed in Parliament.
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In Rome, Victor Emmanuel and his parliament explicitly exclude the general of the Society from any pension.
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1873 10/20
At Rome all of the Society's houses, including the Gesù and the Curia, were appropriated by the government.
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The death in St. Louis, Missouri, of Peter De Smet, intrepid Belgian missionary, who founded the Rocky Mountain Missions in the western United States and crossed the Atlantic 19 times in search of economic resources and vocations to staff the growing church.
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1879 08/04
Pope Leo XIII published his encyclical Aeterni Patris affirming the importance of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas.
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General Congregation 23 convened and choose as Vicar with right of succession the Swiss Jesuit Anton Anderley. In its Decree 46 the Congregation dedicated the Society of Jesus to promoting devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
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1887 03/05
The funeral of Father General Peter Beckx, 22nd superior general of the Society, who served his brothers in that office for 34 years.
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The death of the jesuit poet, Gerard Manley Hopkins in Dublin at the age of 45.
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1890 02/08
At Rome in the Palazzo Barberini, the death of Cardinal Joseph Pecci who left the Society of Jesus in 1847 but was readmitted 40 years later at the request of his brother, Pope Leo XIII.
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The martyrdom at Wuyi, China, of Blessed Modeste Andlauer and Blessed Rémy Aroré, slain during the Boxer Rebellion.
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1900 07/20
The death in China of Sts. Paul Denn and Leo Mangin, martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion; the Church celebrates their feast on 4 Februar.
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The death in Quito, Ecuador, of Italian Jesuit Luis Sodiro, a key scientific figure in Latin America, who developed a botanic collection that formed the base for the National Botanical Garden in Quito.
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1909 09/07
Father General Franz Wernz established the province of Austria and the province of Hungary
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1913 04/09
Pope St. Pius X spoke his praises of the Apostleship of Prayer which counted 25 million members. The periodical The Messenger of the Sacred Heart appears in 42 editions in more than 20 languages.
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Wlodimir Ledochowski was elected 26th superior general of the Society.
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1930 05/27
The death of José María Algué, one of the great meteorologists in the history of the world. He invented a machine to measure barometric pressure that saved many lives in the Far East.
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An abortive plot against Hitler by General Claus von Stauffenberg and his assistants resulted in the arrest of the Jesuit, Alfred Delp.
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1946 09/06
General Congregation XXIX convened to elect a new superior general; nine days later it chose the Belgian Jesuit, John Baptist Janssens.
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The death of Servant of God John Baptist Reus, a German who worked in Southern Brazil and is noted for his mystical prayer.
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1952 08/18
The death of Alberto Hurtado, writer, retreat director, trade unionist and founder of "El Hogar de Christo," a movement to help the homeless in Chile.
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The death of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, paleontologist and theologian.
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1956 11/01
The Society of Jesus was allowed into Norway.
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The death of John LaFarge, pioneer advocate of racial justice in the United States.
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1965 05/22
Pedro Arrupe was elected the 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus.
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Father General Pedro Arrupe arrived in Medellín, Colombia, to take part in the conference of Latin American bishops that proved to be a pivotal moment in the Church's recognition of the central role of the option for justice.
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The death of Pío Buck, a Swiss Jesuit known as the apostle of prisoners in Brasil; he was also famous as an entomologist.
1975 01/26
The death of Josef Jungmann, whose studies of liturgical history contributed to the reform of the liturgy.
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1977 03/12
Salvador Rutilio Grande, pastor and champion of campesinos, was assassinated on his way to celebrate Mass.
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The murder of Bernard Lisson, a mechanic, and Gregor Richert, a parish priest, shot to death at St Rupert's Mission, Sinoia, Zimbabwe.
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1979 12/14
The death of Riccardo Lombardi, founder of the Better World Movement.
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Matthew Mannaparambil, a parish priest at Sasaram in Patna/Bihar, India, was assassinated.
1981 04/13
The death of Godofredo Alingal, who was shot and killed in his rectory in Kibawe, Philippines, for defending the rights of poor farmers.
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1981 08/02
Carlos Perez Alonso, chaplain at a military hospital in Guatemala, disappeared and is presumed to have been killed during a period of repression.
1983 09/02
General Congregation 33 began in Rome with 220 delegates representing 26,000 Jesuits.
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Father General Peter-Hans Kolvenbach decreed that all independent vice-provinces in the Society should become provinces.
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1983 12/28
The death in a Chinese labor camp of Francis Xavier Chu, a Jesuit born in Shanghai.
1984 12/08
The death of Walter Ciszek, prisoner in Russia from 1939 to 1963.
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In Mozambique the brutal assasination of Joao de Deus and Silvio Moreira, Portuguese Jesuits who were missionaries dedicated to the good of the people.
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1987 06/02
The death of Anthony de Mello, author and retreat master.
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The death of Sergio Restrepo, whose defense of the rights of the powerless and of the environment made him a threat to the interests of the economic and political powers in Tierralta, Colombia.
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1989 11/16
The assassination in San Salvador, El Salvador, of Ignacio Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Segundo Mondes, Joaquín López, Juan Ramón Moreno, and Amando López, along with their cook, Elba Julia Ramos, and her daughter Celina Maricet Ramos.
1991 02/05
At Rome, the death of Pedro Arrupe, 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus.
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In Bogotá, Colombia, the first meeting for those in charge of pastoral work in the Latin American universities of the Society of Jesus.
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1992 05/31
The canonization of Claude de la Colombiere by Pope John Paul II, 63 years after he was beatified by Pius XI.
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"Symposium on the Vocation and Mission of the Jesuit Brother" opened in Loyola and functioned as a commission to prepare for the 34th General Congregation.
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1996 10/27
Christophe Munzihirwa Mwene Ngabo SJ, archbishop of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic murderedo, was murdred. He had denounced the political and economic exploitation of hundreds of thousands of Rwandan refugees who sought refuge in Kivu.
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2005 01/06
Peter Hans Kolvenbach, on the occasion of the Jubilee Year, wrote that the Jesuits "should truly profit from the jubilee year to examine our way of life and taking the means to live more profoundly the charisms received from our Founders.
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Peter Hans Kolvenbach, informed members of the Society of Jesus, that with the consent of Pope Benedict XVI, he intends to step down as Superior General in 2008, the year he will turn 80. The 35th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus that will elect a new superior general, and decide other important policy for the Jesuit order in the years to come, will convene on 5 January 2008, in Rome.While the Jesuit superior general is elected for life, the order's constitutions allow him to step down.
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2006 04/22
Feast of Our Lady, Mother of the Society of Jesus, Benedict greeted thousands of Jesuits on pilgrimage to Rome, and took the opportunity to thank God "for having granted to your Company the gift of men of extraordinary sanctity and of exceptional apostolic zeal such as St Ignatius of Loyola, St Francis Xavier and Bl Peter Faber." He said "St Ignatius of Loyola was above all a man of God, who gave the first place of his life to God, to his greater glory and his greater service. He was a man of profound prayer, which found its center and its culmination in the daily Eucharistic Celebration."
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In his visit to the Pontifical Gregorian University, Benedict XVI cited the university as "one of the greatest services that the Society of Jesus carries out for the universal Church."
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